python超详细基础文件操作【建议收藏】

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# 打开文件（默认为只读模式）
file_path = 'example.txt'
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
    # 执行文件操作，例如读取文件内容
    file_content = file.read()
    print(file_content)

# 文件在with块结束后会自动关闭，无需显式关闭文件

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   file_path = 'example.txt'
   with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
       # 执行文件操作，例如读取文件内容
       file_content = file.read()
       print(file_content)
   # 文件在这里已经被自动关闭

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 file_path = 'example.txt'
   file = open(file_path, 'r')
   try:
       # 执行文件操作，例如读取文件内容
       file_content = file.read()
       print(file_content)
   finally:
       file.close()

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file_path = 'example.txt'

# 写入文件
with open(file_path, 'w') as file:
    file.write("Hello, this is some data.")

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import csv

csv_file_path = 'example.csv'

data = [['Name', 'Age', 'Occupation'],
        ['John Doe', 30, 'Engineer'],
        ['Jane Smith', 25, 'Designer']]

with open(csv_file_path, 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
    csv_writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
    csv_writer.writerows(data)

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import json

json_file_path = 'example.json'

data = {"name": "John Doe", "age": 30, "occupation": "Engineer"}

with open(json_file_path, 'w') as jsonfile:
    json.dump(data, jsonfile)

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import sqlite3

# 连接到SQLite数据库（假设有一个名为 example.db 的数据库）
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')

# 创建一个游标对象
cursor = conn.cursor()

# 执行SQL插入语句
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age, occupation) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", ('John Doe', 30, 'Engineer'))

# 提交更改
conn.commit()

# 关闭连接
conn.close()

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file_path = 'example.txt'

# 读取文件
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
    data = file.read()
    print(data)

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import csv

csv_file_path = 'example.csv'

# 读取CSV文件
with open(csv_file_path, 'r') as csvfile:
    csv_reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    for row in csv_reader:
        print(row)

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import json

json_file_path = 'example.json'

# 读取JSON文件
with open(json_file_path, 'r') as jsonfile:
    data = json.load(jsonfile)
    print(data)

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import sqlite3

# 连接到SQLite数据库（假设有一个名为 example.db 的数据库）
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')

# 创建一个游标对象
cursor = conn.cursor()

# 执行SQL查询语句
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")

# 检索所有行
rows = cursor.fetchall()

# 打印每一行
for row in rows:
    print(row)

# 关闭连接
conn.close()

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with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:
    lines = file.readlines()

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with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:
    lines = file.readlines()

# lines 现在是一个包含每一行文本的列表
print(lines)
# 输出：
# ['Hello, this is line 1.\n', 'This is line 2.\n', 'And this is line 3.\n']

# 访问特定行
print(lines[0].strip())  # 输出：Hello, this is line 1.

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with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:
    line = file.readline()

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with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:
    line1 = file.readline()
    line2 = file.readline()
    line3 = file.readline()

print(line1)  # 输出：Hello, this is line 1.
print(line2)  # 输出：This is line 2.
print(line3)  # 输出：And this is line 3.

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with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:
    line = file.readline()
    while line != '':
        print(line.strip())  # 去除换行符
        line = file.readline()

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  with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:
      lines = file.readlines()

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  with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:
      line = file.readline()
      while line != '':
          print(line.strip())  # 去除换行符
          line = file.readline()

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import os

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# 列出指定目录中的所有文件和文件夹
files = os.listdir('path_to_directory')

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for file in files:
    # 获取文件的完整路径
    full_path = os.path.join('path_to_directory', file)
    
    # 检查是否是文件
    if os.path.isfile(full_path):
        # 新的文件名
        new_filename = 'new_name'
        
        # 重命名操作
        os.rename(full_path, os.path.join('path_to_directory', new_filename))
        print(f'Renamed {file} to {new_filename}')

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try:
    for file in files:
        # ...（上面的代码）
except OSError as e:
    print(f'Error occurred: {e}')

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import os
# 指定要重命名文件的目录
directory = 'path_to_directory'
# 列出目录中的所有文件
files = os.listdir(directory)
# 遍历文件列表并进行重命名
for file in files:
    if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory, file)):
        # 设定新的文件名
        new_filename = 'new_name'
        
        # 重命名文件
        try:
            os.rename(
                os.path.join(directory, file),
                os.path.join(directory, new_filename)
            )
            print(f'Renamed {file} to {new_filename}')
        except OSError as e:
            print(f'Error renaming {file}: {e}')

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import os
import re
# 指定目录
directory = 'path_to_directory'
# 列出目录中的所有文件
files = os.listdir(directory)
# 遍历文件列表并进行重命名
for file in files:
    if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory, file)):
        # 使用正则表达式匹配文件名模式，并替换为新的模式
        new_filename = re.sub(r'\d+', 'new_prefix', file)
        
        # 重命名文件
        try:
            os.rename(
                os.path.join(directory, file),
                os.path.join(directory, new_filename)
            )
            print(f'Renamed {file} to {new_filename}')
        except OSError as e:
            print(f'Error renaming {file}: {e}')

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import os

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file_path = 'path_to_file'

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if os.path.isfile(file_path):
    print(f'File {file_path} exists, proceed to delete.')
else:
    print(f'File {file_path} does not exist, skip deletion.')

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try:
    os.remove(file_path)
    print(f'File {file_path} deleted successfully.')
except OSError as e:
    print(f'Error occurred: {e}')

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import os
# 指定要删除的文件的目录
file_path = 'path_to_file'
# 检查文件是否存在
if os.path.isfile(file_path):
    print(f'File {file_path} exists, proceed to delete.')
else:
    print(f'File {file_path} does not exist, skip deletion.')
# 执行删除操作
try:
    os.remove(file_path)
    print(f'File {file_path} deleted successfully.')
except OSError as e:
    print(f'Error occurred: {e}')

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import os

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file_path = 'path_to_file'

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if not os.path.exists(file_path):
    print(f'File path {file_path} does not exist, proceed to create.')
else:
    print(f'File path {file_path} already exists, skip creation.')

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try:
    with open(file_path, 'w') as f:
        print(f'File {file_path} created successfully.')
except IOError as e:
    print(f'Error occurred: {e}')

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import os
# 指定要创建的文件的目录
file_path = 'path_to_file'
# 检查文件路径是否存在
if not os.path.exists(file_path):
    print(f'File path {file_path} does not exist, proceed to create.')
else:
    print(f'File path {file_path} already exists, skip creation.')
# 执行创建操作
try:
    with open(file_path, 'w') as f:
        print(f'File {file_path} created successfully.')
except IOError as e:
    print(f'Error occurred: {e}')

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import os
current_directory = os.getcwd()
print(f'Current directory is: {current_directory}')

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# 获取桌面路径
import os
import re

desktop_path = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "Desktop")

# 目标文件路径
file_path = os.path.join(desktop_path, "目录.txt")

# 打开文件并读取内容
with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    lines = file.readlines()

modified_lines = []
for line in lines:
    # 去除空格
    line = line.replace(" ", "")
    if len(line) == 1:
        continue
    # 使用正则表达式在'章'或'节'后面添加一个空格，仅在后面没有空格的情况下
    line = re.sub(r'(章|节)(?![ ])', r'\1 ', line)
    # 在小数点后添加空格
    line = re.sub(r'(.\d)', r'\1 ', line)
    if '章' not in line:
        # 二级标题添加4个空格
        line = ' ' * 4 + line
    # 匹配并去除最外层的英文括号
    pattern_en = r'\(([\d\s]+)\)'
    line = re.sub(pattern_en, r'\1', line)
    # 匹配并去除最外层的中文括号及其内部内容（包括除数字和空格以外的字符）
    pattern = r'（([^）]+)）'
    line = re.sub(pattern, r'\1', line)
    # 确保每行只有一个 =>
    if '=>' not in line:
        # 在页码数字前添加 =>（只在行尾）
        line = re.sub(r'(\d+)$', r'=>\1', line)
    # 去除中文汉字和'=>整体符号左边的冗余符号
    pattern = r'([\u4e00-\u9fff]+)[^\w\s]+=>'
    line = re.sub(pattern, r'\1=>', line)
    modified_lines.append(line)
# 将修改后的内容写回文件
with open(file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    file.writelines(modified_lines)

# 读取文件内容
with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    content = file.read()
    print(content)

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import os

# 指定目录路径
directory_path = r'D:\231127\试卷\00159高级财务会计'

# 获取目录下所有文件名
files = os.listdir(directory_path)

# 遍历文件
for file_name in files:
    # 构建完整的文件路径
    file_path = os.path.join(directory_path, file_name)

    # 检查文件是否是图片文件，并且文件名中包含下划线
    if file_name.lower().endswith(('.png', '.jpg', '.jpeg', '.gif')) and '_' in file_name:
        # 分割文件名，以下划线为界
        parts = file_name.split('_')

        # 确保分割后的第一部分为'00159231127'
        if parts[0] != '00159231127':
            # 构建新文件名
            new_file_name = '00159231127' + '_' + '_'.join(parts[1:])

            # 构建新文件路径
            new_file_path = os.path.join(directory_path, new_file_name)

            # 重命名文件
            os.rename(file_path, new_file_path)
            print(f'Renamed: {file_name} -> {new_file_name}')

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import os

# 指定目录路径
directory_path = r'D:\231127\试卷'

# 获取目录下所有文件夹名
folders = [folder for folder in os.listdir(directory_path) if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(directory_path, folder))]

# 创建一个空字典，用于存储前5位相同的文件夹名
same_prefix_folders = {}

# 遍历文件夹
for folder in folders:
    # 获取前5位文件夹名
    prefix = folder[:5]

    # 检查前5位文件夹名是否已经在字典中
    if prefix in same_prefix_folders:
        # 将文件夹名添加到对应的键值中
        same_prefix_folders[prefix].append(folder)
    else:
        # 若字典中没有该前5位文件夹名，则创建键值对
        same_prefix_folders[prefix] = [folder]

# 输出前5位相同的文件夹名
for prefix, folders in same_prefix_folders.items():
    if len(folders) > 1:
        print(f"前5位为 '{prefix}' 的文件夹有以下重复命名：")
        print(', '.join(folders))